The Master Algorithm: How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World
Pedro Domingos
Language: English
Pages: 352
ISBN: 0465065708
Format: PDF / Kindle (mobi) / ePub
Machine learning is the automation of discovery—the scientific method on steroids—that enables intelligent robots and computers to program themselves. No field of science today is more important yet more shrouded in mystery. Pedro Domingos, one of the field’s leading lights, lifts the veil for the first time to give us a peek inside the learning machines that power Google, Amazon, and your smartphone. He charts a course through machine learning’s five major schools of thought, showing how they turn ideas from neuroscience, evolution, psychology, physics, and statistics into algorithms ready to serve you. Step by step, he assembles a blueprint for the future universal learner—the Master Algorithm—and discusses what it means for you, and for the future of business, science, and society.
If data-ism is today’s rising philosophy, this book will be its bible. The quest for universal learning is one of the most significant, fascinating, and revolutionary intellectual developments of all time. A groundbreaking book, The Master Algorithm is the essential guide for anyone and everyone wanting to understand not just how the revolution will happen, but how to be at its forefront.
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Socrates is mortal. One such rule is: If Socrates is human, then he’s mortal. This does the job, but is not very useful because it’s specific to Socrates. But now we apply Newton’s principle and generalize the rule to all entities: If an entity is human, then it’s mortal. Or, more succinctly: All humans are mortal. Of course, it would be rash to induce this rule from Socrates alone, but we know similar facts about other humans: Plato is human. Plato is mortal. Aristotle is human. Aristotle is.
Charismatic speaker and lively character, Rosenblatt did more than anyone else to shape the early days of machine learning. The name perceptron derives from his interest in applying his models to perceptual tasks like speech and character recognition. Rather than implement perceptrons in software, which was very slow in those days, Rosenblatt built his own devices. The weights were implemented by variable resistors like those found in dimmable light switches, and weight learning was carried out.
By electric motors that turned the knobs on the resistors. (Talk about high tech!) In a perceptron, a positive weight represents an excitatory connection, and a negative weight an inhibitory one. The perceptron outputs 1 if the weighted sum of its inputs is above threshold, and 0 if it’s below. By varying the weights and threshold, we can change the function that the perceptron computes. This ignores a lot of the details of how neurons work, of course, but we want to keep things as simple as.
By seeing which words it contains. A basic search engine also uses an algorithm quite similar to Naïve Bayes to decide which web pages to return in answer to your query. The main difference is that, instead of spam/not-spam, it’s trying to predict relevant/not-relevant. The list of prediction problems Naïve Bayes has been applied to is practically endless. Peter Norvig, director of research at Google, told me at one point that it was the most widely used learner there, and Google uses machine.
Quickly as aiming straight for the top of the mountain. So the way to solve a constrained optimization problem is to follow not the gradient but the part of it that’s parallel to the constraint surface—in this case the road—and stop when that part is zero. In general, we have to deal with many constraints at once (one per example, in the case of SVMs). Suppose you wanted to get as close as possible to the North Pole but couldn’t leave your room. Each of the room’s four walls is a constraint, and.