Evolutionary Ethics and Contemporary Biology (Cambridge Studies in Philosophy and Biology)
Language: English
Pages: 224
ISBN: 0521122708
Format: PDF / Kindle (mobi) / ePub
How can the discoveries made in the biological sciences play a role in a discussion on the foundation of ethics? This book responds to this question by examining how evolutionism can explain and justify the existence of ethical normativity and the emergence of particular moral systems. Written by a team of philosophers and scientists, the essays collected in this volume deal with the limits of evolutionary explanations, the justifications of ethics, and methodological issues concerning evolutionary accounts of ethics, among other topics. They offer deep insights into the origin and purpose of human moral capacities and of moral systems.
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Based on the kinds of character patterns that can be recognized. In both of these analyses it is critical to distinguish a character and its subsequent phylogenetic transformation (homologous characters) from other characters that may appear similar, but have different evolutionary histories (homoplasous characters) if errors in interpretation are to be minimized” (Northcutt 1984, p. 701). In the same review, Northcutt discussed the concept of character comparison in depth, focusing on character.
In only about 8 percent of the cases; cf. Goldenberg et al. 1994). Another behavioral abnormality is a tendency to self-mutilation, which is present in 43 percent of cases (Van Woert et al. 1977). In spite of many efforts, the gene has not been identified yet, although it has been mapped in the 11q23 chromosomal region (Merette et al. 2000). 3 MIM: Mendelian Inheritance of Man. It lists all the known hereditary diseases, identified with a code number. See http://www3.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/. 81.
Syndrome, Brunner syndrome, Rett syndrome, and mutant mice, the change in only one gene influences, even drastically, moral capacity and behavior (respectively, we have coprolalia and self-mutilation, aggressiveness and exhibitionism, dementia, anxiety, loss of monogamy and social memory, and so on). In other terms, it must be recognized that behavioral genetics is still in its infancy, in the sense that even if we know something about the behavioral effects of some single gene mutations, almost.
Fisher, S. E., Lai, C. S. L., Wiebe, V., Kitano, T., Monaco, A., and P¨aa¨ bo, S. 2002. Molecular Evolution of FOXP2, a Gene Involved in Speech and Language. Nature 418: 869–872. Ferguson, J. N., Young, L. J., Hearn, E. F., Matzuk, M. M., Insel, T. R., and Winslow, J. T. 2000. Social Amnesia in Mice Lacking the Oxytocin Gene. Nat. Genet. 25: 284–288. Filliol, D., Ghozland, S., Chluba, J., Martin, M., Matthes, H. W., Simonin, F., Befort, K., Gaveriaux-Ruff, C., Dierich, A., LeMeur, M., Valverde,.
Reasons for action: those which are reasons relative to a certain consideration, and those which are reasons all things considered. Only the latter are moral reasons. And considerations on what a human should do, on what it is to behave well for her, gives us precisely reasons all things considered. We can now finally turn to psychiatry. Within a conception of normativity that grounds norms on nature in one of the manners considered here, psychiatry is relevant for ethics because it can help to.