Trees for Gardens, Orchards, and Permaculture
Martin Crawford
Language: English
Pages: 256
ISBN: 1856232166
Format: PDF / Kindle (mobi) / ePub
Are you wondering which productive trees to plant in your garden? Or are you planning a forest garden? Perhaps you are planting an orchard but want a greater diversity of useful trees than is typical? Or you’d like to know what unusual fruit trees you can use? The answers to all these questions can be found in master forest gardener Martin Crawford’s new book.
Crawford has researched and experimented with tree crops for twenty-five years and has selected over one hundred of the best trees producing fruits, nuts, edible leaves, and other useful products that can be grown in Europe and North America. Each of the trees or tree groups includes details of:
• Origin and history
• Description and uses
• Varieties/cultivars
• Cultivation, pests, and diseases
• Related species
• European and North American suppliers
• Color photos with every entry.
The appendices make choosing trees for your situation easy, with lists of suitable trees for specific situations, plus flowcharts to guide you. If you want to know about and make use of the large diversity of tree crops that are available in temperate and continental climates, then this book―by an internationally acknowledged expert―is both fascinating and essential reading.
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Contamination of resin with iron; though it is more difficult to remove the resin from the bags without waste. A horizontal strip of bark, 25mm (1ins) high, is removed across the width of the face, just above the collection system, to cause resin to flow. Commercially, a paste of sulphuric acid with various lubricant/surficant/ adhesive materials is applied to the top edge of the freshly exposed face (the ‘streak’) to stimulate and maintain resin flow. This is optional – without it, flow is less.
Fermented smell or bitter taste due to yeasts in the sap. Buddy sap is unacceptable to syrup production as it has poorer taste and quality. Silver birches BIRCHES 33 Birch vodka is made in Byelorussia using birch sap and high quality grain alcohol. Birch syrup is more challenging to make than maple syrup, primarily because making maple syrup entails concentrating the sap by a factor of 40, while birch syrup requires concentration by a factor of 80-120. There is also less volume of sap flow.
(‘pollen incompatibility groups’) within which cross-pollination does not occur. If a group number is given in the variety description, that variety will not pollinate others with the same group number. In Britain, the most promising cultivars are those that flower late but mature early season. Many of the recent French selections and some of the older types too show the best promise, including ‘Ai’, ‘Ardechoise’, ‘Belle d’aurons’, ‘Ferraduel’, ‘Ferragnes’, ‘Ferralise’, ‘Lauranne’, ‘Mandaline’,.
Shooting or trapping in live cage traps are the most humane methods. Other wildlife pests include crows and mice, and if these become a problem control measures may be necessary. Webbs Prize Cob nuts cultivars have the potential to yield an average of 3t/ha (2,640lb/ ac) and twice that in a good cropping year. On a small scale, harvest before nuts fall to the ground, as losses to mice and squirrels will be very significant. When these pests are a serious problem, early picking may be necessary.
Dispersal) in summer. The flowers are insect pollinated, often by bees. Fruits are round, 6-12mm (0.3-0.5ins) across and thin shelled; ripening in October, they are very attractive to wildlife including mice and small mammals. Lime trees have a deep and wide-spreading root system. They have a remarkable tenacity for life and are more or less indestructible: as old stems collapse, new sprouts arise and essentially trees coppice themselves; trees which fall over often retain part of their root.