The Effects of Drug Abuse on the Human Nervous System (Neuroscience-Net Reference Books)
Language: English
Pages: 624
ISBN: 0124186793
Format: PDF / Kindle (mobi) / ePub
Drug use and abuse continues to thrive in contemporary society worldwide and the instance and damage caused by addiction increases along with availability. The Effects of Drug Abuse on the Human Nervous System presents objective, state-of-the-art information on the impact of drug abuse on the human nervous system, with each chapter offering a specific focus on nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, MDMA, sedative-hypnotics, and designer drugs. Other chapters provide a context for drug use, with overviews of use and consequences, epidemiology and risk factors, genetics of use and treatment success, and strategies to screen populations and provide appropriate interventions. The book offers meaningful, relevant and timely information for scientists, health-care professionals and treatment providers.
- A comprehensive reference on the effects of drug addiction on the human nervous system
- Focuses on core drug addiction issues from nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, alcohol, and other commonly abused drugs
- Includes foundational science chapters on the biology of addiction
- Details challenges in diagnosis and treatment options
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Increase the rapidity with which cocaine enters the brain over the oral form, contributing to the euphoria and its reinforcing effects. Once ingested, cocaine is metabolized in two major inactive metabolites, benzoylecogonine (detected by most drug testing) and ecgonine methyl ester. In the United States, approximately 2–3% of the population reports recent cocaine use, but the majority of cocaine users do not develop dependence. Current estimate of the lifetime cumulative probability of.
There are some important indications that several neuropeptides may contribute to anxiety associated with cocaine dependence and/or withdrawal and stress-induced relapse to drug taking. Stress, Anxiety, and Cocaine Abuse Figure 6 Withdrawal from chronic cocaine increased anxiety-like behavior, which was reversed by acute administration of a DOP receptor agonist. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received cocaine or saline for 14 days in a binge-pattern. SNC80, a selective DOP receptor agonist was.
To as hypocretin-1 and -2) are synthesized in a limited number of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. These neurons project widely throughout the brain including the basal forebrain structures described above, which are involved in stress, reward, and motivation. The role of orexins in stress-induced cocaine reinstatement was investigated by Boutrel and colleagues (Boutrel et al., 2005). These authors found that orexin-A reinstates cocaine-seeking behaviors. Orexin-induced reinstatement can be.