The Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory: An Introduction

The Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory: An Introduction

Howard Eichenbaum

Language: English

Pages: 428

ISBN: 0199778612

Format: PDF / Kindle (mobi) / ePub


This clear and accessible textbook introduces the brain's remarkable capacity for memory. The text was developed for undergraduate and beginning graduate students, but it will also be of use to cognitive scientists, biologists, and psychologists who seek an introduction to biological investigations of memory. Like the first edition, this fully-updated second edition begins with a history of memory research, starting with a "Golden Era" at the turn of the 20th century, and progressing to our current understanding of the neurobiology of memory. Subsequent sections of the book discuss the cellular basis of memory, amnesia in humans and animals, the physiology of memory, declarative, procedural, and emotional memory systems, memory consolidation, and the control of memory by the prefrontal cortex.
The book is organized into four sections, which highlight the major themes of the text. The first theme is connection, which considers how memory is fundamentally based on alterations in the connectivity of neurons. This section of the book covers the most well studied models of cellular mechanisms of neural plasticity that may underlie memory. The second theme is cognition, which involves fundamental issues in the psychological structure of memory. This section of the book considers the competition among views on the nature of cognitive processes that underlie memory, and tells how the controversy was eventually resolved. The third theme is compartmentalization, which is akin to the classic problem of memory localization. However, unlike localization, the notion of "compartments" is intended to avoid the notion that particular memories are pigeon-holed into specific loci, and instead emphasize that different forms of memory are accomplished by distinct modules or brain systems. This section of the book surveys the evidence for multiple memory systems, and outlines how they are mediated by different brain structures and systems. The fourth and final theme is consolidation, the process by which memories are transformed from a labile trace into a permanent store.
This text encapsulates the major concepts in the field of memory research, and makes this area accessible to students who pursue a variety of related disciplines.

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From stimulus-reinforcer associations, and there is a "cognitive" form of memory that is distinguished in 4 Introduction both its psychological mechanisms and anatomical pathways from the other forms of memory. The third theme—compartmentalization—addresses the question of memory localization. This question appeared early on in debates about whether memory can be localized to a particular area of the brain, especially the cerebral cortex, or whether it is distributed throughout the cortex, or.

Spatial firing patterns of hippocampal neurons, without affecting the incidence or spatial specificity of previously acquired spatial firing patterns. The drug did not prevent the initial establishment of hippocampal spatial firing patterns or their short-term retention between repeated recording sessions separated by brief intervals. By contrast the maintenance of a newly developed spatial representation across days was severely compromised. The consequence of LTP blockade for the network.

Strength of memories acquired at different times in intact animals and one can more accurately measure the period and magnitude of retrograde loss. Unfortunately, the DNMS task is unsuitable for this kind of study because single exposures to objects do not provide sufficiently strong memories to endure testing weeks or months after learning. To address this issue and develop a task that would be suitable for a study of retrograde memory, experimenters created an object discrimination task where.

General knowledge about the world that is accrued from linking multiple experiences that share some of the same information. For example, a typical episodic memory might involve recalling the specific events and places surrounding the meeting of a long-lost cousin. Your general knowledge about the relationships of people that compose your family tree and other facts about the history of your family come in great part from a synthesis of the representations of many meetings with relatives and.

Organization of related episodes, including both the frequent elements common across many similar events, and rare conjunctions of elements that define infrequent episodes in the task. This view of hippocampal representation puts the hippocampus squarely as central to episodic memory but also assigns its purpose in identifying and organizing events into a general memory organization that relates events to one another. How might such hippocampal episodic codings and organizational processing serve.

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