Mind and the Frontal Lobes: Cognition, Behavior, and Brain Imaging
Language: English
Pages: 312
ISBN: 0199791562
Format: PDF / Kindle (mobi) / ePub
In the past 25 years, the frontal lobes have dominated human neuroscience research. Functional neuroimaging studies have revealed their importance to brain networks involved in nearly every aspect of mental and cognitive functioning. Studies of patients with focal brain lesions have expanded on early case study evidence of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive changes associated with frontal lobe brain damage. The role of frontal lobe function and dysfunction in human development (in both children and older adults), psychiatric disorders, the dementias, and other brain diseases has also received rapidly increasing attention. In this useful text, 14 leading frontal lobe researchers review and synthesize the current state of knowledge on frontal lobe function, including structural and functional brain imaging, brain network analysis, aging and dementia, traumatic brain injury, rehabilitation, attention, memory, and consciousness. The book therefore provides a state-of-the-art account of research in this exciting area, and also highlights a number of new findings by some of the world's top researchers.
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Consequences to veterans of World War II, the VA invested in psychological services. In the case of the Boston VA, this policy enabled the presence of psychologists such as Edith Kaplan, Harold Goodglass, and Laird Cermak, making it a fountainhead for neuropsychology as well as behavioral neurology. This was the environment that Don entered as a postdoctoral fellow in 1976. This brings us back to prefrontal leucotomy. As part of his postdoctoral fellowship, Don, in collaboration with Frank Benson.
The Insights Derived from Lesion and fMRI Studies to Understand the Function of Prefrontal Cortex MARK D’ESPOSITO AND DAVID BADRE Executive function and cognitive control are both terms used to describe our ability to direct thought and action based on our goals and intentions, rather than being driven automatically by the environment that surrounds us. Current theories of executive function and cognitive control propose that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a critical brain region for this.
The site of their lesion, and so their performance becomes differentially impaired as task complexity increases. Alternatively, because of the asymmetric dependencies predicted by a hierarchy, deficits in higher-level tasks will be more likely across patients, regardless of the site of their lesion, than deficits at lower-level tasks. Therefore, the larger behavioral deficits reflect this aggregate likelihood. If the aggregation account is the case, then the presence of an impairment at any level.
Although the functional localization story appears bleak at the level of a single individual, cerebral regions of functional localization are clearly observed when averaged across a group of subjects with neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). Most studies rely upon the principle of cognitive subtraction, originally established in reaction time studies by Franciscus Donders (Donders, 1868). The underlying assumption in.
Underlying ToM dysfunction (Siegal & Varley, 2002). However, this more “executive” set of abilities is often associated with lesions restricted to dorsolateral sectors of PFC, not ventral or medial regions (Levine et al., 1997; Moscovitch & Winocur, 1992; Stuss, 2006; Stuss & Alexander, 2007; Stuss & Levine, 2002; Stuss et al., 1994). For example, ToM is most frequently assessed with the false belief test, which involves predicting a character’s mistaken belief about the location of an object.