Ecological Assessment of Selenium in the Aquatic Environment
Language: English
Pages: 368
ISBN: 1439826773
Format: PDF / Kindle (mobi) / ePub
Based on the work and contributions of 46 scientists, managers, and policymakers, Ecological Assessment of Selenium in the Aquatic Environment documents the state of the science and explores how to use this information when assessing and managing the environmental effects of Se. A focused discussion on the fate and effects of Se in aquatic ecosystems, the book reviews:
- Past and current problems related to Se in aquatic environments, together with lessons learned, and provides a generalized conceptual model
- Environmental partitioning, in particular Se speciation leading to its entry into the food chain, and provides conceptual models specific to environmental partitioning.
- Se bioaccumulation and trophic transfer from the physical environment (i.e., water-column particulates), and from primary producers to herbivores to carnivores, including the influence of modifying ecological factors
- Toxic effects from Se, in particular body burdens and their relationship to toxicity
Filled with practical guidance and concise information on how to conduct selenium risk assessments in the aquatic environment, the book contains the latest information on assessment techniques, elucidates the current state of contamination in industrialized countries, and raises awareness for developing nations. Written by leading experts, it describes best practices for designing experiments to collect information on aquatic effects and trophic transfer of selenium for risk assessments, presents numerous case studies both domestic and international, and gives insight as to how current and future ecosystems may or may not be affected.
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Morphology (length and weight) is altered by long-term preservation but has not been comprehensively quantified (Paradis et al. 2007; Cunningham et al. 2000; Fey 1999; Fisher et al. 1998). A rigorous evaluation of the effects of preservatives (including both type and duration) on Se-related deformities in larval fish is a clear research need. Larvae should be initially assessed for deformities before preservation, at least in a subsample of larvae. Also, larval fish must be euthanized with an.
Sites and a reference site. Oxidative stress was greater in avocets from the most contaminated site than in those from the other sites, while oxidative stress in stilts was not noticeably higher at the most contaminated site. Selenium concentrations in avocet hatchlings at the most contaminated site averaged about 30 mg Se/kg, whereas stilt embryos averaged 21 mg Se/kg at that site. Despite the greater concentrations of Se in avocets than in stilts, it remains surprising that oxidative stress.
With algal species composition (Table 5.1). Spatial and temporal variability in algal community structure could therefore have a pronounced effect on the bioavailable Se in algal cells. Typically, among marine forms, the chlorophytes show the lowest degree of enrichment (Wang and Fisher 1996a; Baines and Fisher 2001; Wang and Dei 2001), possibly reflecting lower cellular requirements or, alternatively, greater regulation of Se uptake. While there is some regulation of Se uptake in algal cells,.
And major ion interactions in aquatic animals. Mar Pollut Bull 31:8–18. Wright SH, Manahan DT. 1989. Integumental nutrient uptake by aquatic organisms. Ann Rev Physiol 51:585–600. Xu Y, Wang WX. 2002a. Exposure and potential food chain transfer factor of Cd, Se and Zn in marine fish Lutjanus argentimaculatus. Mar Ecol Progr Ser 238:173–186. Xu Y, Wang WX. 2002b. The assimilation of detritus-bound metals by the marine copepod Acartia spinicauda. Limnol Oceanogr 47:604–610. Yu RQ, Wang WX. 2002.
Heinz 1996). However, impaired egg hatchability occurs at distinctly lower egg Se levels than embryo teratogenesis and is therefore a more sensitive effects endpoint (Skorupa 1999). 6.3.2 Types and Severities of Deformities and Edema 6.3.2.1 Fish In contrast to birds, Se generally does not affect fertility and hatching rates in fish (Gillespie and Baumann 1986; Coyle et al. 1993; Holm et al. 2005; Muscatello et al. 2006). Hermanutz et al. (1992) observed a statistically significant reduction.