Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware Software Interface: ARM Edition (The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Computer Architecture and Design)

Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware Software Interface: ARM Edition (The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Computer Architecture and Design)

Language: English

Pages: 720

ISBN: 0128017333

Format: PDF / Kindle (mobi) / ePub


The new ARM Edition of Computer Organization and Design features a subset of the ARMv8-A architecture, which is used to present the fundamentals of hardware technologies, assembly language, computer arithmetic, pipelining, memory hierarchies, and I/O.

With the post-PC era now upon us, Computer Organization and Design moves forward to explore this generational change with examples, exercises, and material highlighting the emergence of mobile computing and the Cloud. Updated content featuring tablet computers, Cloud infrastructure, and the ARM (mobile computing devices) and x86 (cloud computing) architectures is included.

An online companion Web site provides links to a free version of the DS-5 Community Edition (a free professional quality tool chain developed by ARM), as well as additional advanced content for further study, appendices, glossary, references, and recommended reading.

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For any instruction, passing potentially needed information down the pipeline. 2. Instruction decode and register file read: The bottom portion of Figure 4.36 shows the instruction portion of the IF/ID pipeline register supplying the 16-bit immediate field, which is sign-extended to 32 bits, and the register numbers to read the two registers. All three values are stored in the ID/EX pipeline register, along with the incremented PC address. We again transfer everything that might be needed by any.

Relaxed memory ordering model. Within a thread, the order of memory reads and writes to the same address is preserved, but the order of accesses to different addresses may not be preserved. Memory reads and writes requested by different threads are unordered. Within a CTA, the barrier synchronization instruction bar.sync can be used to obtain strict memory ordering among the threads of the CTA. The membar thread instruction provides a memory barrier/fence operation that commits prior memory.

A dedicated location in supervisor code space, invoking the exception mechanism in the process. system CPU time The CPU time spent in the operating system performing tasks on behalf of the program. systems software Software that provides services that are commonly useful, including operating systems, compilers, loaders, and assemblers. tag A field in a table used for a memory hierarchy that contains the address information required to identify whether the associated block in the hierarchy.

Support such situations, computers like MIPS use jump register instruction (jr), introduced above to help with case statements, meaning an unconditional jump to the address specified in a register: jr $ra The jump register instruction jumps to the address stored in register $ra—which is just what we want. Thus, the calling program, or caller, puts the parameter values in $a0–$a3 and uses jal X to jump to procedure X (sometimes named the callee). The callee then performs the calculations,.

Answer is no, you presume there is a bug in the parallel version that you need to track down. This approach assumes that computer arithmetic does not affect the results when going from sequential to parallel. That is, if you were to add a million numbers together, you would get the same results whether you used 1 processor or 1000 processors. This assumption holds for two’s complement integers, since integer addition is associative. Alas, since floating-point addition is not associative, the.

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