A History of Germany 1918 - 2008: The Divided Nation
Mary Fulbrook
Language: English
Pages: 400
ISBN: 1405188146
Format: PDF / Kindle (mobi) / ePub
The third edition of A History of Germany traces the dramatic social, cultural, and political tensions in Germany since 1918.
- Offers a persuasive interpretation of the dynamics of twentieth-century German history
- Treats German history from 1918-2008 from the perspective of division and reunification, covering East and West German history in equal depth
- Covers the self-destructive Weimar Republic, the extremes of genocide and military aggression in the Nazi era, the division of the nation in the Cold War, and the collapse of communist East Germany and unification in 1990
- New edition includes updates throughout, especially covering the Nazi period and the Holocaust; a new chapter on Germany since the 1990s; and a substantially revised and updated bibliography
We Men Who Feel Most German: A Cultural Study of the Pan-German League, 1886-1914
Forbidden Music: The Jewish Composers Banned by the Nazis
Liberating Society from the State and Other Writings: A Political Reader
More authoritarian: conformity was encouraged rather than intellectual curiosity and debate. Pupils were taught to repeat approved positions rather than develop independent points of view. In neither case should one over-generalize, and there were changes in both Germanies. (In the GDR, for example, in the later 1980s – even before the revolutionary upheavals of 1989 – it was becoming possible to discuss unorthodox thinkers such as Antonio Gramsci in the Marxist-Leninist weekend schools for.
Latter for being too conservative and cautious in its approach. Moreover, when any particular case of church pressure on the regime to influence policy, prior to 1989, is investigated, it appears to have made only moderate impact if any; for example, the introduction in 1964 of alternative service without weapons in the Bausoldaten units may have been a positive result of church pressure, but, despite raised expectations in the wake of the church–state agreement, church opposition to the.
Swing, with the production of aircraft, ships and explosives. In January 1935, after a plebiscite, the Saarland was returned to German jurisdiction. In March 1935 the rearmament programme, the existence of a German air force, and the introduction of one year’s conscription (raised to two years in August 1936), were made public. These clear breaches of the Treaty of Versailles were censured by the so-called Stresa Front of Italy, France and Britain, and by the League of Nations, in April 1935, but.
Encouraged. The Stuttgart speech by James Byrnes in September 1946 was the first official signal that the punitive approach to postwar Germany had finally been dropped. In 1947 the Cold War became public. On 12 March 1947 American President Harry Truman made his famous speech to the American Congress enunciating what became known as the Truman Doctrine. Initially arising as a specific response to a specific crisis – the situation in Greece – Truman’s emphasis on the ‘containment of communism’.
To control inflation and stimulate investment while allowing unemployment rates to remain relatively constant at an uncomfortable figure of around 8–10 per cent. This was exacerbated by the continuing problem of the now very much less than welcome Gastarbeiter. Although the overall proportion of foreign workers fell slightly to around 8 per cent in 1980, in some areas – such as the traditionally working-class Kreuzberg district in Berlin – they constituted as much as 50 per cent of the.